4 and 5 Oct - Dubrovnik and Split, Croatia

4 Oct - Dubrovnik - did a great hike (1.5 miles and 900 ft elevation change)to the top of Srdj Hill that has the fortress that protected Dubrovnik during the Homeland War in the early 1990s. Great museum. Took the cable car down then walked thru Dubrovnik for many hours.

5 Oct - Split: Toured the home and gallery of sculptor Ivon Mestrovic...Croatia's most famous artist...amazing work in bronze, marble and wood...has items around the world. Then went to the Cetina River for a short cruise then to lunch at a family owned and run award winning olive oil factory, then to Split and toured the Diocletain Palace that dates to 300 AC.

History of the Homeland War in Croatia (1991-1995)Background

The Homeland War, also known as the Croatian War of Independence, was a conflict that took place from 1991 to 1995, following Croatia's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia. The roots of the conflict can be traced back to ethnic tensions and political instability in the region during the late 20th century.

Declaration of Independence

On June 25, 1991, Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia. This move was met with opposition from the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and ethnic Serb forces, who sought to maintain Yugoslav unity and protect the rights of Serbs in Croatia.

Outbreak of War The war officially began in September 1991, when the JNA launched attacks against Croatian territories. The conflict was marked by significant violence, including ethnic cleansing, and numerous atrocities committed by both sides.

Major Battles and Events

Battle of Vukovar (1991): One of the most significant and brutal sieges of the war, lasting from August to November 1991, resulting in the destruction of the city and significant loss of life. Operation Storm (1995): A major Croatian military offensive that led to the recapture of territory held by Serb forces and effectively ended the war. Siege of Dubrovnik (1991-1992): The city was besieged by JNA forces, leading to extensive damage to its historic sites and civilian casualties.

International Involvement

The international community was initially hesitant to intervene, but as the conflict escalated, humanitarian concerns prompted a greater response. The United Nations established peacekeeping missions and, in 1992, recognized Croatia as an independent state.

Aftermath

The war officially ended with the signing of the Dayton Agreement in December 1995. The conflict resulted in significant loss of life, displacement of populations, and deep-seated ethnic divisions. The post-war period saw efforts toward reconciliation and rebuilding, although tensions remained.

Legacy

The Homeland War has had a lasting impact on Croatian society, politics, and its national identity. It continues to be a subject of historical debate and analysis, influencing contemporary Croatian politics and relations with neighboring countries.